Camptothecin-20(S)-O-propionate is primarily utilized in the field of cancer research and treatment due to its potent anticancer properties. It functions as a topoisomerase I inhibitor, which disrupts DNA replication in cancer cells, leading to cell death. This compound is often investigated for its efficacy in treating various types of cancers, including ovarian, lung, and colorectal cancers. Researchers also explore its potential in combination therapies to enhance the effectiveness of other anticancer drugs. Additionally, it is studied for its ability to overcome drug resistance in certain cancer types, making it a valuable candidate for developing advanced therapeutic strategies. Its modified structure aims to improve solubility and bioavailability, which are critical for clinical applications.