This compound is primarily utilized in the field of cancer research and treatment due to its potent antitumor properties. It functions as a topoisomerase I inhibitor, which means it interferes with the enzyme topoisomerase I, essential for DNA replication in cancer cells. By inhibiting this enzyme, it prevents cancer cells from dividing and growing, leading to their eventual death. It is often studied for its potential in treating various types of cancers, including colorectal, ovarian, and lung cancers. Researchers are also exploring its use in combination therapies to enhance its efficacy and reduce resistance in cancer cells. Additionally, its nitro and hydroxy groups make it a candidate for further chemical modifications to improve its pharmacokinetic properties and reduce toxicity.