9-Aminocamptothecin is primarily used in cancer research and treatment due to its potent antitumor properties. It functions as a topoisomerase I inhibitor, which disrupts DNA replication in cancer cells, leading to cell death. This compound is often studied for its effectiveness against various types of cancers, including colorectal, ovarian, and lung cancers. Its application extends to preclinical and clinical trials, where it is evaluated for its potential to enhance chemotherapy regimens. Additionally, researchers explore its use in combination therapies to improve efficacy and reduce drug resistance in cancer treatment.