Used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in cancer treatment, particularly in targeted therapies for solid tumors such as colorectal, lung, and pancreatic cancers. It functions as a topoisomerase I inhibitor, preventing DNA replication in cancer cells, leading to cell death. Its structure allows for improved stability and sustained release when incorporated into nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, enhancing tumor specificity and reducing systemic toxicity. Also investigated for use in antibody-drug conjugates to increase selectivity toward malignant cells.