TAS-103 dihydrochloride is primarily utilized in cancer research due to its potent inhibitory effects on topoisomerase I and II. This dual inhibition disrupts DNA replication and repair processes in cancer cells, leading to cell death. It has been extensively studied in preclinical models for its efficacy against various types of tumors, including breast, lung, and colon cancers. Researchers also explore its potential in combination therapies to enhance the effectiveness of other anticancer agents. Its ability to induce apoptosis and inhibit angiogenesis makes it a promising candidate for developing novel cancer treatments.