Widely used in medicine, EDTA disodium salt solution serves as an antidote for heavy metal poisoning, particularly lead, mercury, and arsenic. It works by binding to metal ions, forming stable complexes that the body can excrete through urine. In clinical settings, it is administered intravenously under strict supervision.

In laboratory applications, it acts as a chelating agent to inactivate metal-dependent enzymes, helping to prevent degradation of biological samples. It is commonly included in buffer solutions for DNA and RNA extraction, as it protects nucleic acids by inhibiting nucleases. Additionally, it is used for cleaning laboratory equipment to remove heavy metal residues and stains, and in cell separation processes.

In the food industry, EDTA disodium is used to preserve flavor, color, and texture by sequestering metal ions that promote oxidation. It is found in products like salad dressings, canned foods, beverages, juices, and sauces.

It also finds use in cosmetics and personal care products, as well as pharmaceuticals, to enhance stability and extend shelf life by preventing metal-catalyzed degradation, such as from iron or copper ions.

Additionally, in industrial water treatment, it helps prevent scale and corrosion by binding calcium and magnesium ions in cooling and boiler systems, thereby reducing water hardness.