Sapacitabine is primarily investigated for its potential in cancer treatment, particularly in patients with hematologic malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). It functions as a nucleoside analog, interfering with DNA synthesis and repair, which leads to the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. Its oral bioavailability offers a convenient administration route for patients. Clinical trials have explored its use as a monotherapy or in combination with other agents, showing promise in elderly patients who may not tolerate intensive chemotherapy. Research continues to evaluate its efficacy and safety in broader oncological applications.