Used as a key metabolic intermediate in biochemical research, particularly in studies involving glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. It serves as a substrate for enzymes such as pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, making it valuable in enzyme assays and metabolic pathway analysis. Commonly employed in cell-free systems to investigate energy transfer and phosphorylation processes. Also utilized in the development and optimization of diagnostic kits for enzyme activity measurement. Its trisodium salt form enhances solubility and stability in aqueous solutions, suitable for in vitro applications.