Used as a coupling agent in surface modification of inorganic materials such as glass, metals, and minerals to improve adhesion with organic polymers. Commonly applied in coatings, sealants, and composite materials to enhance durability and moisture resistance. Enables covalent bonding between silica-based surfaces and polymer matrices in electronics and optical fiber manufacturing. Also utilized in the synthesis of hybrid organic-inorganic materials and as a linker in immobilizing catalysts or functional molecules on solid supports.