Used as a buffering agent in pharmaceuticals and biological solutions to maintain stable pH levels. Commonly employed in laboratory settings for sample preparation, especially in DNA and RNA extraction protocols. Acts as a cleaning agent in detergents due to its water-softening properties. Utilized in food processing as an emulsifier and thickening agent, particularly in processed cheeses and canned products. Also found in dental cleaning formulations and as a laxative in medical treatments for bowel preparation.