Used in buffer solutions for biological and biochemical research to maintain stable pH levels. Commonly found in electrophoresis techniques like SDS-PAGE for protein separation. Employed in cell culture media to support cell growth by providing essential phosphate ions. Acts as a cleaning agent in detergents and water treatment due to its ability to soften water. Utilized in food industry as an emulsifier, thickening agent, and pH regulator in processed cheeses, meats, and baked goods. Also used in some pharmaceutical formulations as an excipient or for pH adjustment.