Alkaline phosphatase is widely used in molecular biology and biochemistry for various applications. It is commonly employed in the dephosphorylation of DNA, RNA, and proteins, which is essential for preventing self-ligation in cloning experiments. This enzyme is also utilized in ELISA and other immunoassays as a reporter molecule, where it catalyzes colorimetric or chemiluminescent reactions to detect target molecules. In clinical diagnostics, alkaline phosphatase serves as a biomarker for liver and bone disorders, with elevated levels often indicating conditions such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or bone diseases. Additionally, it is used in histochemistry to visualize tissue-specific enzyme activity, aiding in the study of cellular processes and disease pathology. Its versatility and stability make it a valuable tool in both research and medical applications.