Used as a stabilizer and reducing agent in chemical synthesis, particularly in the preparation of nanoparticles and colloidal systems. Helps prevent oxidation of sensitive compounds by scavenging free radicals. Employed in biochemistry for protecting thiol groups in proteins and enzymes, maintaining their activity. Also applied in cosmetics as a component in hair waving and straightening formulations due to its ability to break and reform disulfide bonds in keratin. Serves as a derivatizing agent in analytical chemistry for enhancing detection of carbonyl compounds.