R-Hydroxychloroquine is primarily used in the treatment and prevention of malaria, particularly in areas where the malaria parasite has developed resistance to other antimalarial drugs. It works by interfering with the growth and survival of the malaria parasite in the red blood cells. In addition to its antimalarial properties, it is also prescribed for the management of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. It helps reduce inflammation and modulate the immune system, thereby alleviating symptoms like joint pain, swelling, and skin rashes associated with these conditions. The compound is also being studied for its potential antiviral effects, particularly in the context of certain viral infections, though its efficacy in this area remains under investigation and is subject to ongoing research and debate.