Paxilline is primarily known for its role in scientific research, particularly in the study of ion channels. It is a potent blocker of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels, making it a valuable tool for investigating the physiological and pathological functions of these channels. Researchers use paxilline to understand the mechanisms underlying processes such as muscle contraction, neuronal excitability, and vascular tone regulation. Additionally, it has been employed in studies exploring the effects of BK channel inhibition on diseases like epilepsy, hypertension, and cancer. Beyond research, paxilline is also studied for its natural occurrence in certain fungi, contributing to the understanding of fungal secondary metabolites and their potential biological impacts.