Goitrin is primarily known for its role in interfering with thyroid function by inhibiting the incorporation of iodine into thyroglobulin, a key step in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. This property has led to its study in the context of thyroid disorders, particularly goiter, where it can exacerbate iodine deficiency conditions. In research, goitrin is used to model hypothyroidism and study the effects of thyroid hormone disruption in experimental settings. Additionally, it has been investigated for its potential anti-cancer properties, particularly in thyroid cancer, due to its ability to modulate thyroid hormone metabolism. In agriculture, goitrin is a concern in animal feed, as its presence in certain plants, like cruciferous vegetables, can affect livestock thyroid health, necessitating careful dietary management.