Gartanin is a bioactive xanthone compound primarily studied for its potential therapeutic applications. It exhibits strong antioxidant properties, helping to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress in biological systems. Research indicates gartanin has anti-inflammatory effects by modulating key inflammatory pathways, making it a candidate for managing chronic inflammatory conditions. It has shown promise in anticancer studies, where it induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in various cancer cell lines, including those of the liver, breast, and colon. Gartanin also demonstrates neuroprotective potential, with studies suggesting it may help protect neurons and improve cognitive function, relevant to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s. Additionally, gartanin has been investigated for its antimicrobial and antiviral activities, showing inhibitory effects against certain pathogens. Its ability to influence metabolic pathways may also support its role in managing metabolic disorders. Most of the current data come from in vitro and animal studies, and further clinical research is needed to validate these effects in humans.