Cantharidin is primarily used in dermatology for the treatment of warts and molluscum contagiosum. It works by causing blistering of the skin, which helps to remove the affected tissue. In veterinary medicine, it has been employed as a vesicant to treat certain skin conditions in animals. Additionally, cantharidin has historical use as an aphrodisiac, though this application is not scientifically supported and can be dangerous. It is also utilized in research settings to study cell adhesion and vesicle formation due to its ability to disrupt cellular junctions, and preliminary studies suggest potential anti-cancer activity by inhibiting the growth of certain cancer cells. Due to its high toxicity, its use is strictly controlled and should only be administered by qualified professionals.