Cabergoline is primarily used in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia, a condition characterized by elevated levels of prolactin hormone in the blood. It works by stimulating dopamine receptors, which inhibits prolactin secretion from the pituitary gland. This helps alleviate symptoms such as irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, and galactorrhea (abnormal milk production).

It is also employed in the management of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas, reducing tumor size and controlling hormone levels. Additionally, cabergoline is used in the prevention and treatment of physiological lactation post-childbirth when breastfeeding is not desired.

In veterinary medicine, it is utilized to treat false pregnancy in dogs and to suppress lactation in animals. Its long-acting nature and high potency make it a preferred choice in clinical settings.