Vinblastine sulfate salt is primarily used in the treatment of various types of cancer. It is particularly effective in managing Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, testicular cancer, breast cancer, and Kaposi's sarcoma. The compound works by inhibiting the formation of microtubules, which are essential for cell division, thereby preventing the proliferation of cancer cells.

In clinical settings, it is often administered intravenously as part of combination chemotherapy regimens. Its ability to target rapidly dividing cells makes it a valuable component in reducing tumor size and controlling the spread of malignant cells. Additionally, it is sometimes used in the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), due to its immunosuppressive properties.

Despite its efficacy, the use of this compound requires careful monitoring due to potential side effects, including bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal disturbances, and neurotoxicity. Proper dosing and patient management are crucial to maximize therapeutic benefits while minimizing adverse effects.