Used primarily as an antiparasitic and antiviral agent, it is effective in treating intestinal infections caused by protozoa such as Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum, especially in immunocompromised patients. It is commonly prescribed for diarrhea due to these pathogens. Research also shows activity against a range of viruses, including rotavirus, norovirus, and some respiratory viruses, leading to investigation into its use for viral gastroenteritis and influenza. Additionally, it has demonstrated antimicrobial effects against certain anaerobic bacteria and helminths, expanding its potential in treating mixed or resistant gastrointestinal infections. Ongoing studies explore its role in managing hepatitis B and C, as well as its immunomodulatory effects in chronic viral conditions.