Used primarily in cancer treatment, it inhibits the enzyme topoisomerase I, which is crucial for DNA replication in cancer cells. This action leads to the interruption of DNA synthesis and induces apoptosis in malignant cells. It serves as a key precursor for synthesizing more potent chemotherapeutic agents like irinotecan and topotecan, which are FDA-approved for treating colorectal and ovarian cancers, respectively. Additionally, ongoing research explores its potential in combating other diseases, including viral infections and autoimmune disorders, due to its mechanism of action on cellular DNA processes.