Vigabatrin is primarily used in the treatment of epilepsy, specifically for managing refractory complex partial seizures (focal seizures) in adults and infantile spasms in children (West syndrome). It works as an irreversible inhibitor of GABA transaminase, increasing the levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve activity in the brain, thereby reducing seizure activity. In cases of infantile spasms, it is often considered when other treatments have failed or are not suitable. Due to its potential side effects, particularly irreversible vision loss, its use is carefully monitored, and it is typically prescribed when the benefits outweigh the risks. Regular ophthalmologic evaluations are required for patients undergoing treatment to detect any early signs of vision impairment.