Used primarily as an indicator of environmental contamination and exposure to DDT, p,p’-DDE is a persistent metabolite found in soil, water, and biological tissues. It serves as a biomarker in human and wildlife studies to assess long-term exposure to organochlorine pesticides. Due to its lipophilic nature and resistance to degradation, it accumulates in fatty tissues and is measured in blood or milk samples to evaluate environmental health risks. It is also studied for its endocrine-disrupting properties, particularly its anti-androgenic effects, which may impact reproductive health in animals and humans. Monitoring p,p’-DDE levels helps regulatory agencies assess the effectiveness of DDT bans and track the persistence of legacy pollutants in ecosystems.