Widely used as a heterogeneous catalyst in organic synthesis, especially in hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions. It is effective in reducing alkenes, alkynes, nitro groups, and carbonyls under mild conditions. Commonly employed in coupling reactions such as Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira, where it facilitates carbon-carbon bond formation. Its support on activated charcoal provides high surface area and good dispersion of palladium, enhancing catalytic efficiency. Also used in pharmaceutical manufacturing for selective transformations and in fine chemical industries due to its reusability and ease of separation from reaction mixtures. Plays a role in hydrogenation of aromatic compounds and in the synthesis of agrochemicals and electronic materials.