Used primarily as an intermediate in organic synthesis, especially in the production of acrylic acid derivatives and pharmaceuticals. It serves as a reagent for introducing carboxylic acid functional groups. Due to its high reactivity, it is employed in the preparation of specialty polymers and in the synthesis of certain biologically active compounds. It has also been used as a disinfectant and sterilizing agent for vaccines and biological materials, inactivating pathogens while preserving antigenic properties. However, its use is limited due to toxicity and carcinogenic concerns, requiring careful handling and strict safety controls.