Aclacinomycin A hydrochloride is primarily used in the treatment of various cancers, particularly leukemia. It functions by inhibiting the activity of topoisomerase II, an enzyme crucial for DNA replication and cell division, thereby preventing the proliferation of cancer cells. The compound is administered intravenously and is often part of combination chemotherapy regimens to enhance its efficacy. Its use is closely monitored due to potential side effects, including cardiotoxicity, myelosuppression, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Research continues to explore its potential in targeting other types of malignancies and improving its therapeutic index.