Used as an antitumor agent, particularly in the treatment of various cancers such as colorectal, liver, and lung cancer. It functions by inhibiting topoisomerase I, an enzyme critical for DNA replication in cancer cells, leading to DNA damage and cell death. Due to its ability to interfere with tumor cell proliferation, it is investigated in chemotherapy regimens and drug delivery systems aimed at improving solubility and targeting. Also serves as a key intermediate in synthesizing more stable camptothecin-derived drugs like SN-38. Shows activity against drug-resistant tumor lines, making it valuable in oncology research and development.