Eltanexor is primarily investigated for its potential in cancer therapy, particularly as an oral selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE). It targets the XPO1 (exportin 1) protein, which plays a key role in shuttling tumor suppressor proteins and growth-regulating molecules out of the nucleus. By blocking XPO1, Eltanexor promotes the retention of these proteins in the nucleus, restoring their ability to control cell division and trigger apoptosis in cancer cells. It has shown promising activity in preclinical models of various solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, including liposarcoma, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Its oral bioavailability allows for convenient dosing in clinical settings, and it is being evaluated in combination with other anticancer agents to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Due to its mechanism, Eltanexor may also help overcome resistance to conventional chemotherapy and targeted treatments.