Pirarubicin Hydrochloride is primarily used in the treatment of various cancers, including breast cancer, bladder cancer, and certain types of leukemia. It functions by inhibiting the synthesis of DNA and RNA, thereby preventing the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. The drug is often administered intravenously as part of chemotherapy regimens, either alone or in combination with other anticancer agents. Its ability to target rapidly dividing cells makes it effective in reducing tumor size and slowing disease progression. Additionally, Pirarubicin Hydrochloride is sometimes employed in intravesical therapy for superficial bladder cancer, where it is directly instilled into the bladder to minimize systemic side effects. Careful monitoring is required during treatment to manage potential adverse effects, such as bone marrow suppression and cardiotoxicity.