Pilocarpine is primarily used in the treatment of glaucoma, a condition characterized by increased pressure in the eye. It works by reducing intraocular pressure through the stimulation of muscarinic receptors, which enhances the outflow of aqueous humor. This helps to prevent damage to the optic nerve and preserve vision. Additionally, pilocarpine is employed to manage symptoms of dry mouth, particularly in patients with Sjögren's syndrome or those undergoing radiation therapy for head and neck cancers. It stimulates saliva production, providing relief from dryness and improving oral comfort. In some cases, it is also used diagnostically to confirm the presence of certain neurological conditions by inducing sweating. It may also be used as eye drops to assess pupil function prior to eye examinations or surgery.