N-Acetylneuraminic acid methyl ester is primarily used in biochemical research and pharmaceutical development. It serves as a key intermediate in the synthesis of sialic acid derivatives, which are crucial for studying cell surface interactions and glycobiology. This compound is also utilized in the development of antiviral drugs, particularly those targeting influenza viruses, as sialic acid derivatives play a role in viral entry mechanisms. Additionally, it finds application in the production of glycan-based vaccines and therapeutics, where it helps in mimicking natural cell surface structures to elicit immune responses. Its use extends to the study of bacterial and viral pathogenesis, aiding in understanding host-pathogen interactions.