Used in research and development of therapeutic antibodies targeting immune cell adhesion and activation. Plays a role in studies related to T-cell regulation, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. Investigated for potential in transplant rejection prevention due to its ability to modulate lymphocyte trafficking. Also employed as a reference reagent in antibody screening and validation assays, particularly in comparative studies involving integrin inhibitors. Supports drug discovery efforts by serving as a benchmark for affinity, specificity, and functional inhibition in anti-integrin therapies.