Cetuximab is primarily used in the treatment of certain types of cancer, particularly metastatic colorectal cancer and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. It works by targeting and inhibiting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is often overexpressed in these cancers, thereby slowing down tumor growth and spread.

In colorectal cancer, cetuximab is typically administered in combination with chemotherapy for patients whose tumors have specific genetic markers, such as the absence of KRAS mutations. This targeted approach helps to improve the effectiveness of the treatment and can lead to better patient outcomes.

For head and neck cancer, cetuximab is often used alongside radiation therapy or chemotherapy, especially in cases where the cancer is locally advanced. It helps to enhance the efficacy of these treatments by blocking the signals that promote cancer cell proliferation and survival.

Additionally, cetuximab is being investigated for its potential use in other types of cancers where EGFR plays a significant role in tumor development. Its ability to specifically target cancer cells while sparing normal cells makes it a valuable component in the evolving landscape of cancer therapy.