Arachidonic acid is an essential omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid that serves as a key precursor to eicosanoids, including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and thromboxanes, which mediate inflammation, immune responses, blood pressure regulation, and platelet aggregation.

In laboratory settings, it is used in cell culture media to support the growth and differentiation of mammalian cells, particularly in stem cell research and tissue engineering applications. It plays a significant role in inflammation studies and dermatological research, aiding in the investigation of skin barrier function and models of inflammatory skin conditions.

Additionally, it is employed in nutritional and metabolic studies to explore lipid signaling pathways and fatty acid metabolism.

Commercially, arachidonic acid is incorporated into infant formulas to promote neural and visual development, as it is vital for brain and retinal growth. Derivatives are researched for therapeutic applications in chronic conditions such as arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. It is also used in dietary supplements and cosmetics for skin nourishment and cellular health benefits.