Arachidonic acid is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid essential for cellular signaling, particularly in inflammation and immune responses. It acts as a precursor to eicosanoids such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and thromboxanes, which are involved in regulating inflammation, smooth muscle contraction, and blood pressure control.

In laboratory and research applications, it is used in cell culture media to support the growth and differentiation of mammalian cells, especially in stem cell research and tissue engineering. It plays a key role in inflammatory response studies and dermatological research for skin barrier function and developing treatments for skin disorders. It is also employed in nutritional and metabolic studies to explore lipid signaling pathways and essential fatty acid requirements.

Commercially, arachidonic acid is added to infant formulas to promote nervous system and visual development by aiding brain and retinal cell formation. It is utilized in cell biology research and pharmaceutical development for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular conditions, arthritis, and immune deficiencies. Additionally, it is studied for use in adult dietary supplements to support neural health and muscle recovery after exercise.