MEK inhibitors are primarily used in the treatment of cancers, particularly those driven by mutations in the MAPK/ERK pathway, such as melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and colorectal cancer. They work by blocking the activity of the MEK enzyme, which is a crucial component of this signaling pathway that promotes cell growth and survival. By inhibiting MEK, these drugs can slow down or stop the proliferation of cancer cells. Additionally, MEK inhibitors are sometimes used in combination with other targeted therapies, such as BRAF inhibitors, to enhance their effectiveness and reduce the likelihood of resistance. Beyond oncology, MEK inhibitors are also being investigated for their potential in treating other conditions, including cardiovascular diseases and certain inflammatory disorders, due to their ability to modulate cellular signaling pathways.