5-Hydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid is primarily utilized in biochemical research and pharmaceutical development. It serves as a key intermediate in the synthesis of various biologically active compounds, including those with potential therapeutic applications. This chemical is often employed in the study of serotonin pathways and related neurological processes, aiding in the development of drugs targeting mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety. Additionally, it is used in the preparation of indole derivatives, which are explored for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Its role in organic synthesis also extends to the creation of complex molecules for medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.