2-ethyl-2-hydroxybutanoic acid is primarily used in the synthesis of various organic compounds, particularly in the production of polymers and resins. Its hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups make it a valuable intermediate in chemical reactions, enabling the creation of materials with specific properties such as enhanced durability or flexibility.

In the pharmaceutical industry, it serves as a building block for the development of certain drugs, particularly those requiring complex organic structures. Its ability to form esters and other derivatives allows for the modification of drug molecules to improve their efficacy or stability.

Additionally, this compound is utilized in the formulation of specialty chemicals, including adhesives, coatings, and plasticizers. Its chemical structure contributes to the performance characteristics of these products, such as adhesion strength, resistance to environmental factors, and overall material integrity.

In research and development, 2-ethyl-2-hydroxybutanoic acid is often employed as a reagent or intermediate in organic synthesis, aiding in the study of reaction mechanisms and the creation of novel compounds with potential industrial or commercial applications.