Used in molecular biology for DNA and RNA extraction, helping to maintain stable pH during sample processing. Commonly applied in electrophoresis to ensure consistent running conditions for nucleic acids. Employed in protein purification to control pH in chromatography steps. Also utilized in the food industry as a buffering agent to regulate acidity in processed foods and condiments. Plays a role in textile industry for dyeing processes by maintaining optimal pH for dye fixation. Used in some pharmaceutical formulations to stabilize active ingredients in liquid preparations.