Used as an anticoagulant during procedures like hemodialysis or cardiac surgery, especially in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). It directly inhibits thrombin, preventing blood clot formation. Due to its short half-life and hepatic clearance, it allows for rapid adjustment of anticoagulation and is preferred in patients with renal impairment. Also used in diagnostic procedures where clotting must be prevented without prolonged bleeding risk.