CHIR-99021 trihydrochloride is widely used in research for its role as a potent and selective inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). It is particularly valuable in stem cell studies, where it enhances the maintenance and expansion of pluripotent stem cells by promoting self-renewal and inhibiting differentiation. This compound is also utilized in studies focused on regenerative medicine, as it aids in the generation of specific cell types, such as cardiomyocytes and neurons, from stem cells. Additionally, CHIR-99021 trihydrochloride is investigated for its potential therapeutic applications in diseases like diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer, due to its ability to modulate Wnt signaling pathways. Its use in drug discovery and development further highlights its importance in understanding cellular mechanisms and identifying novel treatment strategies.