Fumonisin B2 is primarily associated with contamination in agricultural products, especially corn and corn-based foods. It is a mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus *Fusarium*, which can grow on crops under warm and humid conditions. The main concern with fumonisin B2 is its impact on food and feed safety. It poses health risks to humans and animals when ingested through contaminated food or animal feed. In livestock, exposure to fumonisin B2 can lead to serious health issues, particularly in horses and pigs. It has been linked to equine leukoencephalomalacia, a fatal neurological disease in horses, and pulmonary edema in pigs. In poultry, it may cause reduced weight gain and liver damage, though birds are generally less sensitive than other animals. For humans, chronic exposure is a concern due to its potential role in esophageal cancer and its possible association with neural tube defects in populations with high corn consumption. Because of its toxicity, regulatory agencies monitor fumonisin B2 levels in food and feed to minimize exposure. The main application, therefore, lies in food safety monitoring and quality control in the agricultural and food processing industries. Testing for fumonisin B2 is standard in grain inspection, especially in regions where corn is a dietary staple. It is also studied in toxicology and public health to assess risks and establish safe exposure limits.