Fumonisin B2 is primarily associated with contamination in agricultural products, especially corn and corn-based foods. It is a mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium, and its presence poses significant health risks rather than industrial or commercial applications. Due to its toxicity, it is not used in manufacturing or consumer products. The main concern with Fumonisin B2 lies in food safety. It can cause serious health issues in humans and animals when ingested through contaminated food. In livestock, particularly horses and pigs, it has been linked to diseases such as equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary edema. In humans, chronic exposure is associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer and neural tube defects in developing fetuses, especially in regions where corn is a dietary staple. Monitoring and controlling Fumonisin B2 levels in the food supply is critical. Regulatory agencies set limits on acceptable contamination levels in grains and food products. Its detection and analysis are important in quality control within the food and feed industry, using methods like HPLC and ELISA to ensure safety standards are met. In research, Fumonisin B2 is studied to understand its mechanism of toxicity, particularly its role in disrupting sphingolipid metabolism, which contributes to its carcinogenic and cytotoxic effects. This helps in developing strategies to reduce exposure and mitigate health risks.