Fumonisin B1 is primarily associated with contamination in agricultural products, especially corn and corn-based foods. It is a mycotoxin produced by fungi of the *Fusarium* genus, which can infect crops in the field or during storage under warm, humid conditions. Its main significance lies in its impact on food safety and animal health. In animal production, Fumonisin B1 is linked to several serious diseases. It causes equine leukoencephalomalacia, a fatal brain disease in horses, and porcine pulmonary edema in pigs, which affects breathing and can lead to death. Poultry and other livestock may experience reduced weight gain and liver damage when exposed to contaminated feed. The toxin also poses risks to human health. Chronic dietary exposure is associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer and neural tube defects in populations with high corn consumption. Due to its toxicity, regulatory agencies monitor and set limits for Fumonisin B1 levels in food and animal feed. Prevention focuses on good agricultural practices, proper grain storage, and regular testing of raw materials in food and feed industries. Detoxification methods, including physical sorting, thermal processing, and biological treatments, are being explored to reduce contamination and ensure safer food supplies.