Fumonisin B1 is primarily associated with contamination in agricultural products, especially corn and corn-based foods. It is a mycotoxin produced by fungi of the *Fusarium* genus, and its presence poses serious risks to both human and animal health. In livestock, particularly horses and swine, exposure to Fumonisin B1 has been linked to diseases such as equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary edema. It also contributes to liver and kidney damage in several animal species. In human health, chronic dietary exposure to Fumonisin B1 is a concern in regions where corn is a staple food. It has been classified as a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), with studies suggesting a potential link to esophageal cancer. Additionally, it may interfere with sphingolipid metabolism, which plays a role in cell regulation, leading to developmental and reproductive toxicity. Due to these health risks, monitoring and controlling Fumonisin B1 levels in food and animal feed are critical in food safety programs. Regulatory agencies set limits on acceptable contamination levels to reduce exposure. Research also focuses on detoxification methods, including microbial degradation and physical removal during food processing, to minimize its impact on public health.