Fumonisin B1 is primarily known as a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, commonly found in corn and other cereal crops. Its main significance lies in agricultural and food safety contexts due to its toxic effects on humans and animals. It is strongly associated with animal diseases such as equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary edema. In livestock, contamination can lead to reduced feed intake, liver damage, and immune suppression, resulting in significant economic losses in the farming industry. In human health, Fumonisin B1 is classified as a possible carcinogen and has been linked to regions with high rates of esophageal cancer. It disrupts sphingolipid metabolism, which can lead to cell death and tissue damage. Because of these risks, monitoring and controlling Fumonisin B1 levels in food and animal feed are critical in regulatory and quality assurance practices worldwide. Detoxification methods, including physical sorting, thermal processing, and biological treatments, are applied to reduce contamination in the food supply chain.