Ammonium polyphosphate is widely used as a flame retardant in various materials, including plastics, textiles, and coatings. It works by promoting the formation of a protective char layer that prevents the spread of flames and reduces smoke production. In agriculture, it serves as a highly effective fertilizer, providing a slow-release source of phosphorus and nitrogen, which are essential nutrients for plant growth. Additionally, it is utilized in fire extinguishing agents and intumescent systems, where it expands when exposed to heat, creating a barrier that protects surfaces from fire damage. Its versatility and efficiency make it a valuable component in both industrial and agricultural applications.