Used as a standard in research to study immune system activation, particularly in experiments involving innate immunity. Triggers strong inflammatory responses by binding to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), making it valuable for investigating sepsis, inflammation, and host-pathogen interactions. Commonly employed to stimulate immune cells like macrophages and dendritic cells in vitro to analyze cytokine production and signaling pathways. Also utilized in vaccine development and testing for pyrogenicity to ensure safety of medical products.