6-Methyl-5-azacytidine is primarily used in research and development within the field of epigenetics. It functions as a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, which makes it valuable for studying gene expression and epigenetic regulation. By inhibiting DNA methylation, this compound helps researchers understand how methylation patterns influence cellular processes, including differentiation, proliferation, and disease progression, particularly in cancer. It is also explored for its potential therapeutic applications in treating diseases linked to abnormal DNA methylation, such as certain types of cancer and genetic disorders. Additionally, it serves as a tool in reprogramming cells and investigating epigenetic modifications in stem cell research.